Mountain West
Home permits and project costs in Yellowstone County, MT
Yellowstone County has about 167,373 residents and its seat is Billings. If your address is outside city limits, Yellowstone County is your permit authority.
Model reviewed August 2026
Local cost index
+0%
vs national average
Permit fee index
-12%
vs national baseline
Regulatory complexity
58/100
wind, flood and review load
Municipalities
1
cities with their own permit desk
Who issues permits in Yellowstone County?
Depends on your address
Inside city limits, the city building department issues the permit. Outside city limits — unincorporated Yellowstone County — the county building department reviews, permits and inspects the work. Both enforce the same code basis (Montana Residential Code, based on the IRC, where adopted locally), but fee schedules, zoning setbacks and review times differ.
Project costs in Yellowstone County
National baselines adjusted by the regional labor and material index. Modeled estimates, not quotes.
County facts
| County seat | Billings |
|---|---|
| Population | 167,373 |
| Government type | Confirm home-rule status locally |
| Region | Mountain West |
| Municipalities tracked | 1 |
| Building codeConfirm the adopted edition locally | Montana Residential Code, based on the IRC, where adopted locally |
Cities and towns in Yellowstone County
Municipalities may run their own building department with different fees and rules.
Common questions
Who issues my permit — the city or the county?
If your address is inside city limits, the city building department issues the permit. Outside city limits, the county building department does. A quick call to either office with your parcel number settles it in a minute.
Can I pull my own permit as a homeowner?
Most states allow an owner-builder permit on a home you occupy, with conditions: you may have to appear in person, sign an affidavit, and you cannot hire unlicensed help. Trades like electrical and gas often still require a licensed contractor.
What happens if work was done without a permit?
Unpermitted work usually surfaces at resale or during an insurance claim. Most jurisdictions offer a retroactive or after-the-fact permit, typically at a higher fee, and may require opening finished areas so an inspector can see the structure.
How long does permit review take?
Simple over-the-counter trade permits are often same-day to a week. Structural or additions work commonly runs two to eight weeks depending on backlog, and coastal, historic or floodplain review adds time.